Indonesia is the world's largest archipelago, comprising approximately 17,000 islands - about 6,000 of which are inhabited. Most of the islands are mountainous with low-lying coastal plains.
A chain of volcanic mountains, 70 of which are active, dominates the southern islands. Large areas of rain forest cover the northern islands.
Indonesia's complex and varied culture has been established by extreme patterns of human migration. It is the fourth most populous country in the world, with over 300 different ethnic groups observing greatly varying cultures and religious practices.
Jakarta, on the island of Java, and Denpasar, on Bali, are the main gateways for international travelers. Bali is a mystical island featuring an array of beaches and mountain resorts. Jakarta is the commercial center and capital of the country. Main roads in major cities are reasonably well maintained but the condition of smaller and rural roads is often not good. Vehicles travel on the left. Air and bus services are more reliable and comfortable than the somewhat limited train system. Popular airlines include Indonesia AirAsia, Cathay Pacific, JAL, Qantas, China Airlines and KLM Royal Dutch Airlines. Boats and ferries are usually too crowded to be considered entirely safe.
The government is traditionally unstable and travelers should follow political developments and assess the security situation daily. Petty criminals work the cities; violent crime levels are high in some areas.
A tropical climate produces a wet monsoon season (November to March) and dry monsoon season (April to October). April to May and September to October are the best times to visit. The average temperature year round is 25 C-30 C (77 F-86 F). Modest, lightweight cotton clothing is recommended but the weather in Indonesia can change quickly so be prepared.
Although the currency exchange rate is quite favorable for most Westerners, bargaining is still customary. There are a few Western-style stores in Jakarta and larger cities, but open marketplaces abound and offer a more representative cultural experience.
Indonesians are natural artisans and a huge range of woodcarving, art, textiles, clothing and crafts is available. Indonesian cuisine, varying by region, is flavorful and inexpensive. Avoid drinking local water (including ice cubes); bottled water and soft drinks are safer.
Telecommunications and postal services are adequate and available in cities and large towns. Bahasa Indonesian is the official language throughout the archipelago and English is not widely spoken, especially outside of large cities or tourist areas.
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