The United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) is a federation of seven independent sheikhdoms (emirates). Formerly known as the Trucial States, the U.A.E. gained independence from the U.K. in 1971, with Ras Al-Khaimah joining the U.A.E. in 1972. The capital Abu Dhabi is the largest of the emirates. Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayid Al-Nuhayyan, Emir of Abu Dhabi, has been head of state since his father's death in Nov. 2004. Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al-Maktoum, Emir of Dubai, is vice president and the head of government.
The U.A.E. continues to establish itself as an major international business hub and has a growing tourism industry with a solid tourist infrastructure. Hosting such events as the Dubai Desert Classic, a major international golfing event, and Grand Prix racing, the U.A.E. is rapidly becoming a popular tourist destination. Dubai is very cosmopolitan and virtually crime-free. The United Arab Emirates is also one of the most tolerant countries in the Gulf region.
The U.A.E. has a classic desert climate. Weather in the summers is very hot and humid, with highs reaching 48 C (118 F) with 100 percent humidity. Winters are mild and rainfall is extremely sparse. The coastline is flat and barren, with sand dunes further inland leading to the mountains in the east. Relief from the summer heat can be found in the mountains.
Arabic is the official language, though English is widely spoken. Because over 80 percent of the population is expatriate laborers, Farsi, Hindi, Urdu and South Asian languages are also common. Islam is the predominant religion.
Telecommunications systems in the U.A.E. are efficient and well developed. Coin-operated and phone card pay phones are available in urban areas. All hotels offer fax service. A nationwide GSM 900 cellular network affords excellent wireless communications.
The primary international airports are in Abu Dhabi and Dubai. Airlines providing service include Emirates, Air France, Royal Jordanian Airlines, British Airways, KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, and Alitalia.
Local transportation is provided by taxis that are metered and readily available at the airport and in the towns. Taxis and buses operate between Abu Dhabi and Dubai. Car rental is available and paved roads make much of the U.A.E. accessible by car; drive on the right.
Violent crime in the U.A.E. is rare, and the overall crime rate is low. Crime experienced by travelers is usually limited to petty theft and pickpocketing. Anti-Western sentiment pervades throughout the Middle East; Westerners should be aware of their surroundings at all times. Avoid photographing buildings or people that could be perceived as military or security related.
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