One of the smallest countries in South America, Uruguay is a nation of quiet charm and rich culture. Fine white-sand beaches, blue water and a moderate climate draw travelers to Punta del Este, the Uruguayan Riviera. Beaches stretch along the waterfront of Montevideo, across the Rio Plata from Buenos Aires, Argentina. Montevideo's old section dates from the 18th century.
Inland, there are grassy plains in the south, a plateau dotted with hills, and the Cuchilla Grande mountains, rising to 500 meters (1,600 feet). The rich grasses of the interior support cattle ranching.
Most Uruguayans - 88 percent - are of European descent. Mestizo (mixed European and indigenous) comprise 8 percent of the population, and blacks 4 percent. The official language is Spanish.
Weather is variable. Temperatures can be high - mid 80s F, high 20s C - in summer (December-March), but Atlantic breezes moderate the heat. June and July are the coldest months: Average high is 58 F (15 C). Rain is distributed throughout the year, with no pronounced wet or dry season.
Travel within the country is by air, bus and road. The international airport is in Montevideo. Roads are in good condition around cities but are less so in rural areas; drive on the right. Buses serve the entire country.
The communications infrastructure is adequate, though somewhat primitive outside of the capital
Uruguay is a constitutional republic, with a strong president and a General Assembly. The Supreme Court is appointed by the president with the approval of the General Assembly.
The Uruguay economy has an export-oriented agricultural sector. It is bolstered by a well-educated workforce, relatively even income distribution and high levels of social spending. Uruguay's went through a major economic crisis 2001-2003, and unemployment is still around 17 percent, but the country's economy is more stable than those in neighboring Argentina or Brazil.
Uruguay is a relatively secure travel destination, with a low crime rate (though petty crime and simple assaults occur in Montevideo, especially in the old section and at night).
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